September is Gynecological Cancer Awareness Month! 💪 The five main types are cervical, ovarian, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar cancer. Early diagnosis increases the chances of survival.

Gynecological cancer is a broad term for cancers that begin in a woman’s reproductive organs. These cancers start in the pelvis—the area below the stomach and between the hip bones.

Types of Gynecological Cancer

The main types include:

• Cervical cancer – starts in the cervix (the lower part of the uterus).
• Ovarian cancer – starts in the ovaries.
• Uterine cancer (also called endometrial cancer) – starts in the lining of the uterus.
• Vaginal cancer – starts in the vagina.
• Vulvar cancer – starts in the outer part of the female genital organs (the vulva).
• Fallopian tube cancer – less common, starts in the fallopian tubes.

Risk Factors

• Family history of gynecological cancers
• Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (for cervical cancer)
• Obesity and hormonal imbalances (for uterine cancer)
• Age (risk increases as women get older)
• Certain genetic mutations, like BRCA1 and BRCA2 (linked to ovarian and breast cancer)

Symptoms

Warning signs may vary by cancer type but can include:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge
• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Bloating or feeling full quickly (especially with ovarian cancer)
• Pain during sex
• Changes in bathroom habits (urination or bowel movements)
• Persistent itching, burning, or soreness of the vulva

Prevention and Early Detection

• Regular screenings: Pap tests and HPV tests can detect cervical changes early.
• HPV vaccination: Protects against many cases of cervical, vaginal, and vulvar cancers.
• Healthy lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy weight, not smoking, and exercising can lower risk.
• Genetic counseling: For women with strong family histories, genetic testing may be recommended.

I am sharing this information as an ambassador of the National Cervical Cancer Coalition. For more information visit www.nccc-online.org/hpvcervical-cancer.